What roles do Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda play?

The seizure of the M23 rebels of vast areas of land in the east rich in minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo led to a humanitarian and diplomatic crisis, which included many neighboring countries.

There are already disturbing number of African countries that have been deployed in the conflict zone, which has a long history of external intervention.

Dr. Congo is a vast country – two -thirds of the size of Western Europe – a member of both east and South Africa blocs.

The two regional groups join the forces to hold the emergency summit on Saturday to try to end the fighting.

So, who are the main players and what do they want?

First of all, the Congolese President Felix Chisikde. He wants to restore lost lands to the rebels, including the largest city of East Guma, and prevent them from seizing more.

He blames the Rwandan leader Paul Kajami for his support for M23 with weapons and forces, accusing Kigali of invading the Congolese lands with the aim of looting the mineral wealth in the country and changing the coordination system.

The issue is that Rwanda supports the M23 attack on the evidence presented in the United Nations report and widely accepted by many African and Western governments, who demanded the withdrawal of its forces.

However, for frustration of TSHISICEDI, none of them match their speech with the procedure and responded to Kinshasa's calls for sanctions and other difficult measures.

The Congolese leader is also concerned about maintaining his seat.

“I think the political survival of his government is at stake,” said Jason Sterins, a former United Nations investigator at Dr. Kongo and a professor at Simon Fraser University.

There is concern that the M23 campaign may encourage the internal opposition forces or lead to a coup in its army, which has a reputation to divide and undermine corruption.

In this conflict, the Rwanda leader has long been the center of interest, but it is practicing it in his denying.

It has a long history of military intervention within Dr. Congo linked to the effects of genocide in Rwanda 1994.

Rwanda does not recognize M23 military support, but he insists again and again that he will do anything necessary to defend himself.

Kagame emphasizes that the priority of Rwanda is the destruction of an armed group formed by the perpetrators of the Genoes of the Huto, who slaughtered Tutsis Rwandian and then fled to what is now known as the eastern doctor.

Dr. Kongo's army was accused of joining the forces and others not only the slaughter of Congolese Totsion – which M23 claims to fight for protection – but to threaten Rwanda.

At the diplomatic level, Rwanda wants to confirm her novel-that the conflict represents the problem of Congolese, and that Kigali is simply defending its borders against the spill in the civil war.

It is required that Kinshasa negotiate directly with the M23, which she refuses to do.

Mr. Sterens said, but beyond.

Rwanda has economic and security interests.

Kigali denies evidence that he evades huge amounts of gold and other metals from the east of the Congo and sells it as the best. But reaching the metal wealth of Dr. Congo was a driver of the conflict in the region for decades.

Others this time, not the least of which is the personal hostility between Kagame and TSHISECEDI.

“Kagame wants to teach TSHIECEDI a lesson about who is the strong man on the bloc,” said Richard Monkerv, who is watching the Great Lakes region of Africa to the ICG group.

He added that the Rwandans “will continue to fight to make concessions and … give them a somewhat free curb in the (Eastern Province) north of Kivu.”

Rwanda sees another security threat in the eastern Congo.

The nation, which borders Rwanda and Dr. Congo, had thousands of soldiers there for years. They went to search for the Burundian rebels but now support the Kinshasa army in battles against M23.

Relations between Rwanda and Burundi are hostile. The two countries have a similar ethnic makeup, but unlike Rwanda, the majority Hotos in Power in Burundi. Both countries accused each other of trying to overthrow their governments.

Burundi President Evarest Ndishemiai has published a strong social media warning.

“If Rwanda continues to make conquests, then I know that the war will even reach Burundi … one day (Kagame) wants to come to Burundi – we will not accept it. The war will spread.”

The threat will increase if the M23 continues to advance from Juma to the South Kivu Province near the Burundi border, where its forces are stationed.

“What Burundi is looking for here is the regime's survival,” said Mr. Sters.

“Burundi is concerned that if the Rwandan forces are extended … it extends its influence to the south of Kivu, it can destabilize the government in Bogombora. What is at the stake here is to stop this rebellion before approaching the house.”

Some fear that the two wars that overwhelmed the region in the late 1990s, which attracted in nine different countries and led to millions of deaths.

This time, the direct clashes between the two armies can extend the conflict of Dr. Congo beyond its borders.

Uganda is not directly involved, but also has forces in the eastern Congo.

They are helping the Congolese government with a different security threat – chasing militants of Ugandan assets related to the Islamic State Group.

But the role of Uganda is confusing – that he works with Congolese, while allegedly claiming at least complicit support for M23. United Nations experts state that they were allowed to use Ugandan lands as a rear base and a supply road.

Kampala denies it strongly. But he responded to the M23 attack by placing its forces in a “defensive position forward”, to prevent other armed groups from using the crisis.

Local residents reported the vision of Ugandan soldiers heading towards the conflict zone, which increased the concerns of regional escalation.

Like Rwanda, Uganda entered the Eastern Doctor in the past claiming that it protects its borders. But she is also accused of looting natural resources, especially gold.

Analysts expect to protect their economic interests while monitoring Rwandans.

“It is very clear that Uganda wants to keep its influence in the east of the Congo and not to pressure it by its competitor in Rwanda,” says Moncrieff of ICG.

South Africa contributed to most of the forces to a regional force in South Africa fighting alongside the Congolese army and suffered heavy losses.

But he was also pushed into the main headlines due to a stunning glass exchange between Kigali and Johannesburg.

South Africa blamed the death of 14 of their soldiers on the Rwandan Defense Forces, which President Cyril Ramaphosa referred to in an underestimated manner in the name of the “RDF militia”.

Defense Minister claimed that Kagame warned that any other shooting would be considered a declaration of war.

This angered the Rwandan President, who said that their talk was “a lie” and described South Africa as a “fighting” force that should leave the Congo.

This is the most severe party in the wide division of East Africa (EAC) and the Southern African Development Society (SADC).

EAC supports Rwanda's invitation to hold direct talks between Kinshasa and M23.

SADC condemns RDF attacks on its soldiers, including the Tanzanian and Malawi forces, and reaffirmed their commitment to the independence of Dr. Kongo, sovereignty, and regional integrity.